Trans-Nerolidol

Trans-Nerolidol – PatientsCann UK Skip to main content Back to Terpenes Guide Trans-Nerolidol Peruviol, Penetrol pronounced: tranz neh-ROL-ih-dol A soft, woody-floral terpene. Found in jasmine and tea tree. Sesquiterpene Boiling point: 122°C Terpene type Sesquiterpene Boiling point 122°C Primary aroma Woody Key effect Sleep support Aroma profile How it Smells The aroma of trans-nerolidol is described as: WoodyRose-floralEarthy barkJasmineWaxy Found naturally in: Jasmine, tea tree, neroli, lemongrass, ginger Effects Linked Effects Sleep supportRelaxingCalmAntimicrobial These effects are based on early-stage research in animals and cells. They are not proven in humans. Do not change your treatment based on this information. About What is Trans-Nerolidol? Trans-nerolidol has a complex, multi-layered scent that combines the woody warmth of bark with a soft, rose-like floral quality and a hint of jasmine. It is less common in cannabis than myrcene or linalool, but strains that contain it often have a particularly smooth, rounded aroma. It is found in jasmine, neroli (bitter orange blossom), and tea tree, and is used in the fragrance industry as a fixative: a compound that helps other scents last longer. In cannabis, it appears most often alongside myrcene and linalool in strains with a heavy, sedating character (Booth and Bohlmann, 2019). Effects in detail What the Research Says Nerolidol is most associated with sedative and sleep-supporting effects. It commonly appears in cannabis strains alongside myrcene and linalool, forming what some researchers describe as a sedating terpene triad. Nuutinen (2018) reviewed preclinical evidence for its sleep-promoting and anxiolytic properties. It also has notable antimicrobial and antiparasitic properties in laboratory studies. Research has found it effective against certain fungi and even against the malaria parasite in cell studies, though these are very early-stage findings with no clinical application at this time. LaVigne et al. (2021) confirmed cannabinoid receptor modulation. Everyday sources Where You Find it in Daily Life Jasmine tea and jasmine-scented products are the easiest way to encounter nerolidol in everyday life. The deep, slightly waxy floral quality of jasmine is partly due to this terpene. Ginger root also contains nerolidol alongside other aromatic compounds. Tea tree oil contains nerolidol as a minor but important component. Its presence in tea tree alongside other terpenes like terpinene contributes to the oil’s broad antimicrobial activity. Neroli essential oil, derived from bitter orange blossom, is named in part because nerolidol was first isolated from it. Research Key Studies Nuutinen (2018) reviewed nerolidol’s pharmacological profile, highlighting evidence for sedative, antiparasitic, antifungal, and antioxidant effects across multiple preclinical studies. The review noted that nerolidol’s skin penetration-enhancing properties make it relevant for topical cannabis formulations. LaVigne et al. (2021) found that nerolidol, alongside other sesquiterpenes, can selectively enhance cannabinoid activity, suggesting it plays a more active pharmacological role than simply contributing to aroma. Previous Alpha-Bisabolol Next Guaiol Back to full Terpenes Guide Important: The information on this page is for education only. It is not medical advice. Terpene research is still in its early stages. Many studies have been done in animals, not yet in people. Always speak to your doctor before changing your treatment. PatientsCann UK does not recommend any specific cannabis product. References Booth, J.K. and Bohlmann, J. (2019) ‘Terpenes in Cannabis sativa: from plant genome to humans’, Plant Science, 284, pp. 67-72. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.022. LaVigne, J.E. et al. (2021) ‘Cannabis sativa terpenes are cannabimimetic and selectively enhance cannabinoid activity’, Scientific Reports, 11(1), 8232. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87740-8. Nuutinen, T. (2018) ‘Medicinal properties of terpenes found in Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus’, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 157, pp. 198-228. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.076.

Alpha-Bisabolol

Alpha-Bisabolol – PatientsCann UK Skip to main content Back to Terpenes Guide Alpha-Bisabolol α-Bisabolol, Levomenol pronounced: AL-fuh bih-SAB-oh-lol The chamomile terpene. Used in skin creams for centuries. Sesquiterpene Boiling point: 153°C Terpene type Sesquiterpene Boiling point 153°C Primary aroma Floral Key effect Calm Aroma profile How it Smells The aroma of alpha-bisabolol is described as: FloralSweetChamomile-likeHoneyPowdery Found naturally in: Chamomile, candeia wood, sage, sweet grass Effects Linked Effects CalmAnti-inflammatoryRelaxingSkin soothing These effects are based on early-stage research in animals and cells. They are not proven in humans. Do not change your treatment based on this information. About What is Alpha-Bisabolol? Alpha-bisabolol has a gentle, sweet, floral aroma that is immediately recognisable as chamomile. It is the main active terpene in chamomile essential oil and has been used in skincare for hundreds of years. In cannabis, it tends to appear as a secondary terpene, adding a soft, powdery floral note to strains that contain it. As a sesquiterpene, it is a larger and heavier molecule than monoterpenes. This means it does not evaporate as quickly and can have a more persistent effect when applied to skin or inhaled. It is also one of the terpenes found in the KAST batch data on this site, appearing in several of the CSC Cannacosta strains (Booth and Bohlmann, 2019). Effects in detail What the Research Says Alpha-bisabolol has one of the strongest track records among terpenes for skin-related applications. It reduces redness and irritation, helps other ingredients penetrate the skin more effectively, and has been found to have antimicrobial properties. This is why it appears in so many pharmaceutical creams and lotions. In cannabis, its contribution to the overall experience is likely related to its calming and anti-inflammatory effects. Nuutinen (2018) reviewed evidence for anxiolytic and anti-inflammatory activity. Baram et al. (2022) found that bisabolol activates endocannabinoid receptors, adding to the entourage effect. Everyday sources Where You Find it in Daily Life Chamomile tea is the most accessible everyday source. The calming effect that chamomile tea is famous for is partly due to bisabolol and related compounds in the plant. When you drink a cup before bed, you are consuming a small amount of this terpene. Candeia wood (Eremanthus erythropappus), a tree native to Brazil, contains the highest natural concentrations of alpha-bisabolol and has historically been over-harvested to supply the cosmetics industry. Most commercial bisabolol is now produced synthetically or from sustainably managed sources. Research Key Studies Nuutinen (2018) reviewed bisabolol’s pharmacological profile and noted evidence for anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic properties. The review also highlighted its role as a penetration enhancer, meaning it can help other therapeutic compounds cross biological barriers more effectively. Baram et al. (2022) confirmed endocannabinoid receptor activity for bisabolol at physiologically relevant concentrations. Francomano et al. (2025) included it in their review of terpenes contributing to the entourage effect in cannabis medicines, noting particular interest in topical cannabis formulations. Previous Ocimene Next Trans-Nerolidol Back to full Terpenes Guide Important: The information on this page is for education only. It is not medical advice. Terpene research is still in its early stages. Many studies have been done in animals, not yet in people. Always speak to your doctor before changing your treatment. PatientsCann UK does not recommend any specific cannabis product. References Baram, L. et al. (2022) ‘Major cannabis terpenes, applied individually and in combination, activate endogenous cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors’, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 1040962. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1040962. Booth, J.K. and Bohlmann, J. (2019) ‘Terpenes in Cannabis sativa: from plant genome to humans’, Plant Science, 284, pp. 67-72. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.022. Francomano, F. et al. (2025) ‘The entourage effect in cannabis medicinal products: a comprehensive review’, Pharmaceuticals, 18(3), 378. doi: 10.3390/ph18030378. Nuutinen, T. (2018) ‘Medicinal properties of terpenes found in Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus’, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 157, pp. 198-228. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.076.

Linalool

Linalool – PatientsCann UK Skip to main content Back to Terpenes Guide Linalool Linalool alcohol pronounced: lin-AL-oh-ol The calming lavender terpene. Found in over 200 plant species. Monoterpene Boiling point: 198°C Terpene type Monoterpene Boiling point 198°C Primary aroma Floral Key effect Calm Aroma profile How it Smells The aroma of linalool is described as: FloralLavenderSweet HerbSage Found naturally in: Lavender, mint, coriander, rosewood, jasmine Effects Linked Effects CalmSleep supportRelaxingAnti-anxiety These effects are based on early-stage research in animals and cells. They are not proven in humans. Do not change your treatment based on this information. About What is Linalool? Linalool is the terpene responsible for lavender’s famous calming scent. It is one of the most widely distributed terpenes in nature, appearing in over 200 different plants including mint, coriander, and many trees. When a cannabis strain has a soft, floral, slightly soapy smell, linalool is usually the reason. Unlike some terpenes that are present only in small amounts, linalool can be a major component in certain cannabis strains. It is a monoterpene alcohol, which gives it a slightly heavier, more complex character than simpler terpenes like limonene (Booth and Bohlmann, 2019). Effects in detail What the Research Says Linalool has one of the strongest bodies of evidence among cannabis terpenes for calming and sleep-supporting effects. Weston-Green et al. (2021) reviewed studies showing that inhaled linalool can reduce anxiety-like behaviour in animals, and that it appears to enhance the activity of GABA, a brain chemical that promotes relaxation and sleep. Abstrax Tech (2023) conducted studies with Western Washington University finding that a combination of linalool and myrcene produced notable anxiolytic (anti-anxiety) effects. Baram et al. (2022) confirmed that linalool activates CB1 and CB2 receptors, adding to its known mechanisms of action. Everyday sources Where You Find it in Daily Life Lavender is the most obvious everyday source. Lavender oil, widely sold in pharmacies and health shops, is mostly linalool. It is the active ingredient that makes lavender pillows and sleep sprays effective for some people. Coriander seeds contain high amounts too, which contributes to their floral, slightly soapy flavour. Linalool is one of the most commonly used fragrance ingredients in the world. It is found in many shampoos, soaps, and cosmetics, as well as in some foods as a natural flavouring. It is generally considered safe at typical exposure levels. Research Key Studies Weston-Green et al. (2021) specifically reviewed linalool alongside alpha-pinene as a potential medicine for brain health. They found preclinical evidence for anti-anxiety, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective effects. The authors noted that the evidence base is growing but human clinical trials are still limited. Abstrax Tech (2023) reported collaborative research demonstrating anxiolytic synergy between linalool and myrcene, suggesting that terpene combinations may be more powerful than individual compounds. This supports the broader entourage effect framework described by Russo (2011). Previous Beta-Caryophyllene Next Terpinolene Back to full Terpenes Guide Important: The information on this page is for education only. It is not medical advice. Terpene research is still in its early stages. Many studies have been done in animals, not yet in people. Always speak to your doctor before changing your treatment. PatientsCann UK does not recommend any specific cannabis product. References Abstrax Tech (2023) Linalool and beta-myrcene anxiolytic study with Western Washington University. Available at: https://abstraxtech.com/pages/terpene-research (Accessed: 29 May 2026). Baram, L. et al. (2022) ‘Major cannabis terpenes, applied individually and in combination, activate endogenous cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors’, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 1040962. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1040962. Booth, J.K. and Bohlmann, J. (2019) ‘Terpenes in Cannabis sativa: from plant genome to humans’, Plant Science, 284, pp. 67-72. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.022. Russo, E.B. (2011) ‘Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects’, British Journal of Pharmacology, 163(7), pp. 1344-1364. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x. Weston-Green, K. et al. (2021) ‘A review of the potential use of pinene and linalool as terpene-based medicines for brain health’, Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 583211. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.583211.

Myrcene

Myrcene – PatientsCann UK Skip to main content Back to Terpenes Guide Myrcene Beta-Myrcene pronounced: MUR-seen The most common terpene in cannabis. Found in mangoes and hops. Monoterpene Boiling point: 167°C Terpene type Monoterpene Boiling point 167°C Primary aroma Earthy Key effect Relaxing Aroma profile How it Smells The aroma of myrcene is described as: EarthyMuskyClovesCardamomSweet Found naturally in: Mangoes, hops, lemongrass, thyme, bay leaves Effects Linked Effects RelaxingSleep supportPain reliefAnti-inflammatory These effects are based on early-stage research in animals and cells. They are not proven in humans. Do not change your treatment based on this information. About What is Myrcene? Myrcene is the terpene found in the highest amounts in most cannabis strains. It is why so many varieties have that earthy, slightly musky smell with a hint of ripe fruit. You are already familiar with it even if you did not know the name: that rich smell when you bite into a ripe mango, or the hoppy scent of beer, both come from myrcene. Chemically, myrcene is a small monoterpene molecule (Booth and Bohlmann, 2019). It evaporates quickly at room temperature, which is why the smell hits you straight away when you open a sealed container. Effects in detail What the Research Says Early research suggests myrcene may have sedative and muscle-relaxant properties (Nuutinen, 2018). Studies in animals have found it can reduce pain signals and lower inflammation (Baram et al., 2022). People who use cannabis strains high in myrcene often describe feeling deeply relaxed and sleepy. Myrcene is also thought to play a role in the entourage effect. Some researchers believe it may help other compounds, including THC and CBD, cross into the brain more easily, which could make effects feel stronger or come on faster (Russo, 2011). Everyday sources Where You Find it in Daily Life You can find myrcene in many everyday foods. Mangoes are the richest natural source. Hops (used to brew beer) are packed with it, and it is what gives India Pale Ale its distinctive earthy and slightly sweet bitterness. Bay leaves, lemongrass, and thyme also contain myrcene in smaller amounts. Some people eat a ripe mango about 45 minutes before using medical cannabis. The idea is that the myrcene in the mango might add to the overall effect. There is no strong clinical evidence for this yet, but it is a harmless experiment if your doctor approves. Research Key Studies A 2022 study by Baram et al. found that myrcene activates both CB1 and CB2 receptors in the body. These are the same receptors that THC and CBD work on. This supports the idea that terpenes are more than just smell molecules. Russo (2011) reviewed the science behind the entourage effect and identified myrcene as one of the most important terpenes for cannabis pharmacology. A later study by LaVigne et al. (2021) confirmed that cannabis terpenes, including myrcene, can enhance the activity of cannabinoids at low concentrations. Previous Camphene Next Limonene Back to full Terpenes Guide Important: The information on this page is for education only. It is not medical advice. Terpene research is still in its early stages. Many studies have been done in animals, not yet in people. Always speak to your doctor before changing your treatment. PatientsCann UK does not recommend any specific cannabis product. References Baram, L. et al. (2022) ‘Major cannabis terpenes, applied individually and in combination, activate endogenous cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors’, Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 1040962. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1040962. Booth, J.K. and Bohlmann, J. (2019) ‘Terpenes in Cannabis sativa: from plant genome to humans’, Plant Science, 284, pp. 67-72. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.022. LaVigne, J.E. et al. (2021) ‘Cannabis sativa terpenes are cannabimimetic and selectively enhance cannabinoid activity’, Scientific Reports, 11(1), 8232. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87740-8. Nuutinen, T. (2018) ‘Medicinal properties of terpenes found in Cannabis sativa and Humulus lupulus’, European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 157, pp. 198-228. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.076. Russo, E.B. (2011) ‘Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects’, British Journal of Pharmacology, 163(7), pp. 1344-1364. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x.